2006年职称英语模拟题卫生B [共两套]

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2006年职称英语模拟题卫生B [共两套]

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2008-01-16 13:56

2006年职称英语模拟题卫生B第一套
第一部分：词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）

　　下面共有15个句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　1. The room was furnished with the simplest essentials， a bed， a chair， and a table.

　　A）supplied B） gathered

　　C）grasped D）made

　　2. The local government decided to merge the two firms into a big one.

　　A）motivate B） combine

　　C）compact D）nominate

　　3. He emphasized a feasible plan which can be accepted by the both sides.

　　A）favorable B） possible

　　C）formal D）genuine

　　4. When does the next train depart？

　　A）pull up B） pull down

　　C）pull out D）pull in

　　5. Because administering the whole company， he sometimes has to work around the clock.

　　A）adjusting B） evaluating

　　C）engaging D）managing

　　6.We have to ask them to quit talking in order that all people present could hear us clearly.

　　A） decrease B）cease

　　C） continue D）keep

　　7.The Klondike was the scene of one of the biggest gold rushes the world has ever known.

　　A） location B）view

　　C） event D）landscape

　　8. She has been the subject of massive media coverage.

　　A） extensive B） negative

　　C） expensive D）active

　　9.The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links.

　　A） rejected B） investigated

　　C）proposed D）postponed

　　10. The sea was calm and still.

　　A） quite B）quiet

　　C） yet D）rough

　　11. In a bullfight， it is the movement， not the color， of objects that arouses the bull.

　　A） confuses B）excites

　　C） scares D）satisfies

　　12. The committee comprises five persons.

　　A） absorbs B）concerns

　　A） excludes D）involves

　　13. All the people assembled at Marys house.

　　A） collected B）fixed

　　C） asserted D）assist

　　14. We derive knowledge mainly from books

　　A）deprive B） obtain

　　C） descend D）trace

　　15.We all consider him a man of dynamic personalities.

　　A）dangerous B） doubtful

　　C）active D）easy

　　第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）

　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑

　　Continuing Medical Education

　　There is increasing recognition of the need for health workers to continue their education throughout their careers. Not only do health workers themselves wish to improve their own skills and competence， but the introduction of new techniques and equipment and the changes taking place in health needs and health care policies necessitate continued training. The phrase "health care" is intended to mean not just curative treatment for the sick but the whole range of provision for promoting health and preventing disease.

　　In virtually every situation some response to this need has been made， so continuing education does take place —— even though it may in many instances be ineffective or insufficient. Continuing education may be initiated by the health workers themselves， by their supervisors， by the managers of the health system， or by other agencies such as professional associations， publishers， and drug companies The form of the continuing education may be written materials （journals， books， advertisements）， meetings， courses， supervisory visits， or a variety of other methods.

　　With this diversity of approach it is not surprising that the effectiveness of the continuing education should be variable. So it is natural that in many countries there is concern that more continuing education should be provided and that it should be more effective.

　　The approach suggested that to achieve this aim is to develop a "system" of continuing education. This term needs some explanation as it is capable of being interpreted in many ways. A system is not the same thing as an organization that provides continuing education. It is much more than that. It is the sum of the educational activities， the organizational structure that supports and manages those activities， the management， and the external agencies involved in the provision of health care. The system should comprise a nationwide coordinated program in which technology and resources are optimally used.

　　1. Health workers themselves are aware of the importance of continued training.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　2. Health needs and health care policies always remain constant

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　3. The phrase "health care" means more than curative treatment for the sick.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　4. Continuing medical education is particularly ineffective in developing countries.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　5. Written materials constitute the best form of continuing medical education.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　6. More effective continuing medical education is called for in many countries.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　7. A "system" of continuing education functions in the same way as an organization that provides continuing education.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　第三部分：概括大意与完成句子（每题1分，共8分）

　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1——4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2——5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5——8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　Successful Language Learners

　　Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary， master rules or grammar， and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others， so what makes language learning so much easier for them？ Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners， we may discover a few of the techniques that make language easier for them.

　　First of all， successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher； they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain， they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong， they guess again. They try to learn from mistakes.

　　Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore， successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language； they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things； they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult， they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every world.

　　Finally， successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.

　　What kind of language learner are you？ If you are a successful language learner， you have probably been learning independently， actively， and purposefully. On the other hand， if your language learning has been less than successful， you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above.

　　Questions：

　　1. Paragragh1_____________.

　　2. Paragragh2_____________.

　　3. Paragragh3_____________.

　　4. Paragragh4_____________.

　　A. Ways to learn a language Successfully

　　B. Learning t Language Purposefully

　　C. Learning a Language Actively

　　D. Learning a Language Independently

　　E. Learning from Mistakes

　　F. Learning to Think in the Target Language

　　5. Successful language learners derive conclusions _____________.

　　6. Independent language learners relay on themselves _____________.

　　7. Active language learners seize every opportunity _____________.

　　8. The author wrote this text _____________.

　　A. to discover sentence patterns and grammatical rules

　　B. to expand vocabulary

　　C. to use the target language

　　D. to encourage unsuccessful language learners to learn independently， actively and purposely

　　E. from clues

　　F. to say strange things

　　第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　第1篇

　　Goal of American Education

　　Education is all enormous and expensive part of American life. Its size is matched by its variety.

　　Differences in American schools compared with those found in the majority of other countries lie in the fact that education here has long been intended for everyone—not just for a privileged elite.Schools ale expected to meet the needs of every child， regardless of ability， and also the needs of society itself.This means that public schools offer more than academic subjects. It surprises many people when t11ey come here to find high schools offering such courses as typing，sewing， radio repair， computer programming or driver training， along with traditional academic subjects such as mathematics， history， and languages. Students choose their curricula depending on their interests， future goals， and level of ability. The underlying goal of American education is to develop every child to the utmost of his or her own possibilities， and to give each one a sense of civic and community consciousness.

　　Schools have traditionally played an important role in creating national unity and "Americanizing" the millions of immigrants who have poured into this country from many different backgrounds and origins.Schools still play a large role in the community，especially in the smalltowns. The approach to teaching may seem unfamiliar to many，not only because it is informal， but also because there is not much emphasis on learning facts. Instead， Americans try to teach their children toⅡ1ink for themselves and to develop their own intellectual and creative abilities. Students spend much time， learning how to use resource materials libraries，statistics and computers. Americans believe that if children are taught to reason well and to research well， they will be able to find whatever facts they need throughout the rest of their lives. Knowing how to solve problems is considered more important than the accumulation of facts.

　　This is Americas answer to the searching question that thoughtful parents all over the world are asking themselves in the fast-moving time： "How Can one prepare todays child for a tomorrow that one can neither predict nor understand？"

　　词汇：

　　privileged adj.享有特权的

　　elite n.精英，精华

　　academic adj.学术的

　　curricula n.课程

　　underlying adj.潜在的

　　reason v.推理

　　练习：

　　1.Which of the following best states the goal of American education？

　　A）To teach every learner some practical skills.

　　B）To provide every learner with rich knowledge.

　　C）To give every student the opportunity to fully develop his／her ability.

　　D）To train every student to be a responsible citizen.

　　2.It is implied in the passage that_______.

　　A）all high-school students take the same courses.

　　B）every high school student must take some practical ability training courses.

　　C）every public school offers the same academic subjects.

　　D）the subjects every student takes may vary.

　　3.American schools place great emphasis on the learners__________.

　　A）enrichment of knowledge.

　　B）accumulation of facts.

　　C）acquisition of the ability to be creative.

　　D）acquisition of the ability to work with his hands.

　　4.According to the passage， American education meets the needs of all the following EXCEPT______.

　　A）the brightest students.

　　B）the slow students. C）the students from foreign countries.

　　D）the immigrants.

　　5. Which of the following best states the feature of American education that makes it different from education in other countries？

　　A）The large number of its schools.

　　B）The variety of the courses offered in its schools.

　　C）Its special consideration given to immigrants.

　　D）Its underlying goal to develop every childs abilities to the fullest extent

　　第2篇

　　Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles

　　The Ford motor companys abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology， analysts say.

　　General Motors and Honda ceased production of battery powered cars in 1999， to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines， which are more attractive to the consumer. Ford has now announced it will do the same.

　　Three years ago， the company introduced the Think City two—seater car and a golf cart called the THINK， or Think Neighbor. It hoped to sell 5，000 cars each year and 10，000 carts. But a lack of demand means only about l，000 of the cars have been produced，and less than 1，700 carts have been sold so far in 2002.

　　"The bottom line is we dont believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market." Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday. "We feel we have given electric our best shot."

　　The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time. General Motors EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range of about 100 miles.

　　The very expensive batteries also mean electric cars cost much more than petrol-powered alternatives. An electric Toyot~RAV4 EV vehicle costs over$42，000 in the US， compared with just $17，000 for the petrol version. Toyota and Nissan…are now the only major automanufacturers to produce electric vehicles.

　　"There is a feeling that battery electric has been given its chance. Ford now has to move on with its hybrid program， and that is what we will be judging them on，" Roger Higman， a senior transport campaigner at UK Friends of the Earth， told the Environment News Service.

　　Hybrid cars introduced by Toyota and Honda in the past few years have sold well. Hybrid engines Offer Greater mileage than petrol—only engines， and the batteries recharge themselves. Ford says it thinks such vehicles will help it meet planned new guidelines "on vehicle emissions" in the U.S.

　　However， it is not yet clear exactly what those guidelines will permit. In June， General Motors and Daimler Chrysler won a court injunction， delaying by two years Californian legislation requiring car—makers to offer 100，000 zero-emission and other low—emission vehicles in the state by 2003. Car manufacturers hope the legislation will be rewritten to allow for more low——emission， rather than zero—emission， vehicles.

　　1. What have the Ford motor company. General Motors and Honda done concerning electric cars？

　　A）They have started to produce electric cars.

　　B）They have done extensive research on electric Cars

　　C They have given up producing electric cars.

　　D）They have produced thousands of electric Cars

　　2. According to Tim Holmes of Ford Europe， battery-powered cars___________.

　　A）will be the main transportation vehicles in the future

　　B1 will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future.

　　C）will be good to the environment in the future

　　D）will replace petrol—powered vehicles in the future.

　　3. Which auto manufacturers are still producing electric vehicles？

　　A）Toyota and Nissan

　　B）General Motors and Honda

　　C）Ford and Toyota

　　D）Honda and Toyota

　　4.According to the eighth paragraph， hybrid cars_______.

　　A）offer fewer mileage than petrol driven cars

　　B）run faster than petrol driven cars

　　C）run more miles than petrol driven cars

　　D）offer more batteries than petrol driven cars

　　5.Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the last paragraph？

　　A）Low-emission cars should be banned.

　　B）Only zero-emission cars are allowed to run on motorways.

　　C）The legislation will encourage car makers to produce more electric cars.

　　D）The legislation will allow more 10w emission to be produced.

　　第3篇

　　In-line Skating and Injuries

　　Increasing number of children are taking up in-line skating， and it is those new skaters who are most at risk for injuries， according to a statement from an American research institute.

　　Some 17.7 million people younger than age 18 participated in the sport in the US in 1996， a 24％ increase over the previous year.

　　Also in 1996， in-line skating injuries sent 76，000 skaters under the age of 21 to the emergency room. Inexperienced skaters accounted for 14％ of all injuries requiring treatment.

　　The most common reasons for injuries were losing ones balance due to road debris， being unable to stop， out-of-control speeding， or falls while doing a trick.

　　One third of skating injuries are to the wrist， and two thirds of wrist injuries are fractures. Wearing wrist guards could reduce the number of these injuries by an estimated 87％， according to the AAP.

　　Likewise， elbow pads could reduce elbow injuries by 82％， and knee pads could reduce the number of knee injuries by 32％， advise the experts.

　　Helmet used by young skaters is required by law in New York and Oregon， and the research institute also recommends that young skaters wear a bicycle helmet or a similar approved sports helmet.

　　The age at which children are ready to use in 1ine skates depends upon a number of conditions， including the childs foot size and body strength， general athletic ability and muscle coordination， and the ability to judge traffic and pay attention to the condition of the skating surface ahead， the expels advise.

　　The most dangerous skating practice， called truck—surfing， involves skating while holding onto a moving vehicle.Few skaters have fatal injuries， but 31 out of 36 deaths reported since 1992 involved being knocked down by a motor vehicle， according to data from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission.

　　词汇：

　　inexperienced /adj.缺乏经

　　helmet／n.防护帽，帽盔验的，不熟练的

　　skate／n.冰鞋，四轮溜冰鞋，旱冰鞋

　　debris／n.垃圾，碎片

　　athletic／adj.运动的，体育的

　　fracture／n.骨折，破裂，折断

　　muscle／n.肌肉

　　pad／n.垫，衬垫，护垫

　　1.How many people took part in in-line skating in the US in 1995？

　　A）About 17.7 million.

　　B）More than 17.7 million.

　　C） Fewer than 17.7 million.

　　D）Exactly 17.7 million.

　　2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the most common reasons for injuries？

　　A）Skating with wrist and elbow wounds.

　　B）Losing ones balance due to road debris.

　　C）Being unable to stop due to high speed.

　　D）Falling down when doing a trick.

　　3.What are the things experts might NOT advise youngsters to wear？

　　A）Wrist guards.

　　B）Elbow and knee pads.

　　C）Helmets of some kind.

　　D）Boots and thick clothes.

　　4."Truck-surfing" means_____

　　A）skating inside a truck while it is moving.

　　B）skating while holding onto a moving truck.

　　C）skating at a speed faster than a truck.

　　D）skating at the end of a moving truck.

　　5.According to the last paragraph， bumping with a motor vehicle took up _______deaths reported since 1992.

　　A）over 80％

　　B）below 80％

　　C）about 31％

　　D）about 36％

　　第五部分：补全短文（每题2分，共10分）

　　阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。

　　Why do people shrink？

　　Did you ever see the movie Honey， I shrunk the kids？ Its about a wacky dad （whos also a scientist） who accidentally shrinks his kids with his homemade miniaturizing invention. Oops！ ____1____.

　　For older people， shrinking isnt that dramatic or sudden at all. It takes place over years and may add up to only one inch or so off of their adult height （maybe a little more， maybe less）， and this kind of shrinking cant be magically reversed， although there are things that can be done to stop it or slow it down. ___2___.

　　There are a few reasons. As people get older， they generally lose some muscle and fat from their bodies as part of the natural aging process. Gravity （the force that keeps your feet on the ground） take hold， and the bones in the spine， called vertebrae， may break down or degenerate， and start to collapse into one another. ___3___. But perhaps the most common reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis.

　　Osteoporosis occurs when too much spongy bone tissue （which is found inside of most bones） is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. ___4___. Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured. Older people ——especially women， who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with —— are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by， a person with osteoporosis shrinks a little bit.

　　Did you know that every day you do a shrinking act？ You arent as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. Thats because as the day goes on， water in the disks of the spine gets compressed （squeezed） due to gravity， making you just a tiny bit shorter. Dont worry， though. ___5___.

　　A. They end up pressing closer together， which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter.

　　B. Once you get a good nights rest， your body recovers， and the next morning， youre standing tall again.

　　C. Over time， bone is said to be lost because its not being replaced.

　　D. Luckily， there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking.

　　E. The kids spend the rest of the movie as tiny people who are barely visible while trying to get back to their normal size.

　　F. But why does shrinking happen at all？

　　第六部分：完型填空（每题1分，共15分）

　　阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live

　　Its now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980， when smallpox was eradicated in the wild， by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it —— one in the US and one in Russia？ If smallpox had truly gone from the planet， what point Was there in keeping these reserves？

　　__1__reality， of course， it was naive to __2 __ that everyone would let __3__ of such a potent potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have__4__ vials. __5__ the last "official" stocks of live virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia，__6__ no obvious gain.

　　Now American researchers have __7__ an animal model of the human disease， opening the __8__for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So once again theres a good reason to__9__ the virus——just in __10__ the disease puts in a reappearance.

　　How do we __11__ with the mistrust of the US and Russia？ __12__. Keep the virus __13__ international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory thats open to all countries. The US will object， of course， just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesnt __14__the idea is wrong. If the virus __15__ useful， then lets make it the servant of all humanity——not just a part of it.

　　词汇：

　　smallpox n.天花

　　vial n.小瓶

　　auspices n.赞助；支持

　　cap vt.结束；覆盖

　　potent adj.有效力的；强有力的

　　mistrust n.不信任，怀疑

　　1. A） In B） On C） At D）For

　　2. A）know B） imagine C） realize D）be aware

　　3. A）to go B） going C） go D） went

　　4. A） much B） more C） most D） a few

　　5. A）And B） While C） Whereas D） Although

　　6. A）since B） for C） because D） of

　　7. A）looked for B） sought

　　C） found D） talked about

　　8. A）method B） road C） street D） way

　　9. A）keep B） put C） destroy D） eradicate

　　10.A）need B） case C） necessity D） time

　　11.A）handle B） tackle C）deal D） treat

　　12.A） Difficult B） Hard C） Safe D） Simple

　　13.A） under B） in C） on D） for

　　14.A）say B） mean C） state D） declare

　　15.A） will be B） would be C） is D） are

• 【征稿】《中国医学创新》杂志征稿启事

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• 【征稿】2010年综合类刊物征集、评职称、毕业论文！

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2008-01-16 13:57

2006年职称英语模拟题卫生B 第二套

第一部分：词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）

　　下面共有15个句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　1. The government is debating the education laws.

　　A） discussing B） defeating C） delaying D） declining

　　2. They had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year.

　　A） goods B） soil

　　C） climate D） harvest

　　3. The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.

　　A） get rid of B） set up

　　C） repair D） paint

　　4. During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.

　　A） permanent B） powerful

　　C） striking D） practical

　　5. Since the Great Depression， the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices.

　　A） slight B） surprising C） sudden D） harmful

　　6. Cement was seldom used in building the Middle Ages.

　　A） crudely B） rarely C） originally D）occasionally

　　7. There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country.

　　A） a steady B） a plentiful C） an extra D） a stable

　　8. The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.

　　A）puzzling B） difficult C） terrifying D） urgent

　　9. He made an immense amount of money in business.

　　A） a large B） a small C） a limited D） a little

　　10. The substance can be added to gasoline to accelerate the speed of automobiles.

　　A） quicken B）shorten C） loosen D） enlarge

　　11. We should never content ourselves with a little book knowledge only.

　　A） convince B）satisfy C） comfort D） benefit

　　12. We should contemplated the problem from all sides

　　A） deliberated B）thought C） described D） designed

　　13. His health had deteriorated while he was in prison.

　　A） became better B）became worse C） became stronger D） became weaker

　　14. I meant to give you this book today， but I forgot.

　　A） intended to B）tended to C） extended to D） pretended to

　　15. As a matter of fact， I love soft music more than popular music.

　　A） basically B）probably C） actually D） accurately

　　第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）

　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

　　Irradiating Food

　　Irradiating fruits， vegetables， pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so. Irradiation of other meats， such as beef and lamb， is being reviewed. Federal approval does not require that industry adopt the process， and few food processors presently offer irradiated products.

　　Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated foods may cause cancer， despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated foods. Some people argue that more severe government inspection， higher food-safety standards， and more careful-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe. Consequently， companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of.

　　All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label the food either directly on the packaging， or， in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables， by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors， nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients.

　　Presently， the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation —— gamma rays， high-energy electrons， and X rays —— and sets limits on doses， depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it. Different types of food， because of their molecular compositions， may require different doses of radiation.

　　1. According to the passage， killing insects and bacteria present in foods by irradiating is not completely approved by the US government.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　2. There are quite a number of food processors which are interested in producing irritated foods.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　3. Some consumers are doubtful of the safety of irradiated foods and suggest a more severe government inspection be taken.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　4. Some companies foresee the promising future of setting up food processing factories， although they do not see the need now.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　5. It is required that labels placed on irradiated food or nearby bulk items such as vegetables and fruits should indicate irradiated ingredients.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　6. Restaurants can serve irradiated food bought directly from distributors without labeling it.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　7. The passage tells us that FDA approves irradiating food to some extent but irradiated food is not widely accepted.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　第三部分：概括大意与完成句子（每题1分，共8分）

　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1——4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2——5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5——8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　Soot and Snow：a Hot Combination

　　l New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation， black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century.

　　2 Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth， where ice is more common， absorbs more of the suns energy and warmth than an icy， white background. Dark-colored black carbon， or soot， absorbs sunlight， while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight.

　　3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play all important role in climate change. Also， if snow and ice covered areas begin melting， the warming effect increases， as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. "This provides a positive feedback， as glaciers and ice sheet smelt； they tend to get even dirtier，" said Dr. James Hansen， a researcher at NASAs Goddard Institute for Space Studies， New York.

　　4 Hansen found soots effect on snow albedo （solar energy reflected back to space）， which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere， such as thinning Arctic sea ice， melting glaciers and permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.

　　5 "Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space， thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon，" Hansen said. Soots increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the worlds climate. "This forcing is unusually effective， causing twice as much global warming as a carbon dioxide forcing of the same magnitude，" Hansen noted.

　　6 Hansen cautioned， "although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial， it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing the rest of this century.

　　7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was 1arge in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were consistent with the researchers climate model simulations， which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficent sunlight.

　　词汇：

　　soot n. 煤烟，煤灰

　　emission n. 释放，散发，排放

　　simulation v. 模拟

　　latitude n. 纬度

　　glacier n. 冰川，冰河

　　albedo n. 反照率

　　permafrost n. 永冻层

　　forcing n. 温室作用

　　dioxide n. 二氧化物

　　magnitude n. 量，大小

　　练习：

　　1. Paragraph 3____________

　　2. Paragraph 4____________

　　3. Paragraph 6____________

　　4. Paragraph 7____________

　　5. In the twentieth century， soot____________

　　6. Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases____________

　　7. Black soot covered snow and ice____________

　　8. A soot forcing is unusually effective， which____________

　　第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　第1篇

　　Medical Journals

　　Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.

　　In the past， these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing， many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet， and some journals publish only online. A few medical journals， like the Journal of the American Medical Association， are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.

　　Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments. Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.

　　Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors， combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing， diagnosing or treating a particular disease. Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat at them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors， often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.

　　Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic. Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments， questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.

　　1. The main readers of medical journals are__________

　　A）the general public.

　　B）health professionals.

　　C）medical critics.

　　D、news reporters.

　　2. Which of the following statements is NOT true？

　　A） Many medical journals also publish online.

　　B）A few medical journals are general medical journals.

　　C）Most medical journals publish only online.

　　D）Most medical journals are specialty journals.

　　3. How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage？

　　A、Five.

　　B）Seven.

　　C）Four.

　　D）Six.

　　4. An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called_________

　　A）a research article.

　　B）a review article.

　　C）a case report.

　　D）an editorial.

　　5. Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on________

　　A）any medical event.

　　B） articles published in the same issue.

　　C）articles published in that journal

　　D）medical development.

　　第2篇

　　Common Problems， Common Solutions

　　The chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long time ago —— and decided its not for you.

　　The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers —— there are， after all about 60 million of them， work with them， and get along with them very well.

　　And finally its a pretty safe bet that youre open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and nonsmokers —— or you wouldnt be reading this.

　　And those three things make you incredibly important today.

　　Because they mean that yours is the voice —— not the smokers and not the anti-smokers ——that will determine how much of societys efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together.

　　For one tragic result of the emphasis on building walls is the diversion of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases which， when all is said and done， still strike the nonsmoker as well as the smoker. One prominent health organization， to cite but a single instance， now spends 28 cents of every publicly contributed dollar on " education " （much of it in anti-smoking propaganda） and only 2 cents on research.

　　There will always be some who want to build walls， who want to separate people from people， and up to a point， even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have， to give them their due， helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice.

　　But our guess， and certainly our hope， is that you are among the far greatest number who know that walls are only temporary at best， and that over the long run， we can serve societys interest better by working together in mutual accommodation.

　　Whatever virtue walls may have， they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems， common solutions， can.

　　1. What does the word "wall" used in the passage mean？

　　A） Anti-smoking propaganda.

　　B） Diseases striking nonsmokers as well as smokers.

　　C） Rules and regulations that prohibit smoking.

　　D） Separation of smokers from nonsmokers.

　　2. In paragraph 4， "you" refers to

　　A） smokers.

　　B） nonsmokers.

　　C） anti-smokers.

　　D） smokers who have quitted smoking.

　　3. It is evident that the author is not in favor of_______

　　A） building a wall between smokers and nonsmokers.

　　B） doing scientific research at the expense of ones health.

　　C） bringing smokers and nonsmokers together.

　　D） proving accommodation for smokers.

　　4. As is suggested， the common solution to the common problem is______

　　A） to separate people from people.

　　B） to work together in mutual accommodation.

　　C） to make us more keenly aware of choice.

　　D） to serve societys interests better.

　　5. According to the passage， the writer looks upon the anti-smoking wall-builders actions_______

　　A） optimistically.

　　B） pessimistically.

　　C） unconcernedly.

　　D） skeptically.

　　第3篇

　　Day Care

　　The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and result in emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails， and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly， anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example， in some tribal societies， such as the Ngoni， the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone—far from it. Secondly， common sense tells US that day care would not be so widespread today if parents found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out， and even if they were， the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly， in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care， and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neural or slightly positive effect on childrens development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.

　　But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to， say， more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later. Whatever the long—term effects， parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy， and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter， then， is far from clear-cuff， though experience and available evidence indicate that earl care is reasonable for infants.

　　词汇：

　　psychoanalyst n. 精神分析学家一心理分析学家

　　insulate vt. 隔绝

　　rear vt. 抚养

　　predispose引起易感性

　　care taker n.照顾者，看管人

　　entail vt. 使必需，使蒙受，使承担，遗传给

　　infant n. 婴儿

　　anthropologist n. 人类学家

　　练习：

　　1. Which of the following statements would Bowlby support？

　　A） Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day car for children at the age of three or older.

　　B） Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.

　　C） The first three years of ones life is extremely important to the later development of personality.

　　D） Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three

　　2. Which of the following is derivable from Bowlbys work？

　　A）Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.

　　B）Day care nurseries have positive effects on a childs development.

　　C）A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life.

　　D） Day care would not be so popular as noticeable negative effects on a childs personality.

　　3. It is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in that_______

　　A）the parents—child relationship is more exclusive in modern societies.

　　B）a child more often grows up with his（her brothers or sisters in traditional societies.

　　C）mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societies.

　　D）children in modern societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years

　　4. Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlbys theory？

　　A）Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on childrens development.

　　B）The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe.

　　C）The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional societies.

　　D）Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.

　　5 Which of the following best expresses the writers attitude towards early day care？

　　A）Children under three should stay with their parents.

　　B）Early day care has positive effects on childrens development.

　　C）The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.

　　D）The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue.

　　第五部分：补全短文（每题2分，共10分）

　　阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。

　　Why do people shrink？

　　Did you ever see the movie Honey， I shrunk the kids？ Its about a wacky dad （whos also a scientist） who accidentally shrinks his kids with his homemade miniaturizing invention. Oops！ ____1____.

　　For older people， shrinking isnt that dramatic or sudden at all. It takes place over years and may add up to only one inch or so off of their adult height （maybe a little more， maybe less）， and this kind of shrinking cant be magically reversed， although there are things that can be done to stop it or slow it down. ___2___.

　　There are a few reasons. As people get older， they generally lose some muscle and fat from their bodies as part of the natural aging process. Gravity （the force that keeps your feet on the ground） take hold， and the bones in the spine， called vertebrae， may break down or degenerate， and start to collapse into one another. ___3___. But perhaps the most common reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis.

　　Osteoporosis occurs when too much spongy bone tissue （which is found inside of most bones） is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. ___4___. Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured. Older people ——especially women， who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with —— are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by， a person with osteoporosis shrinks a little bit.

　　Did you know that every day you do a shrinking act？ You arent as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. Thats because as the day goes on， water in the disks of the spine gets compressed （squeezed） due to gravity， making you just a tiny bit shorter. Dont worry， though. ___5___.

　　A. They end up pressing closer together， which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter.

　　B. Once you get a good nights rest， your body recovers， and the next morning， youre standing tall again.

　　C. Over time， bone is said to be lost because its not being replaced.

　　D. Luckily， there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking.

　　E. The kids spend the rest of the movie as tiny people who are barely visible while trying to get back to their normal size.

　　F. But why does shrinking happen at all？

　　第六部分：完形填空（每题1分，共15分）

　　阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　Something Men Do Not Like to Do

　　Eric Brown hates shopping. "Its just not enjoyable to me，" said the 28. years old. Chicago man who was carrying several shopping bags along the citys main street， Michigan Avenue. “When I， m out____1___， I basically know what 1 want to get. I rush in. I buy it. I___2___ Common wisdom says that guys hate to shop. You can ask generations of men. But people who study shopping say that a number of social， cultural and economic factors are now ___3___this "men-hate， to-shop" notion. "___4___social class， ethnicity， age—men say they hate to shop，" says Sharon Zukin， a City University of New York sociology professor. ”Yet when you ask them deeper questions， it turns out that they___5___tO shop. Men generally like to shop for___6___， music and hardware. But if you ask them about the shopping they do for books or music， theyll say Well thats not shopping. Thats ___7___…

　　In other words， what men and women call "buying things" and how they approach that task are ___8____

　　Women will___ 9___ through several 1，000 square meter stores in search of the perfect party dress. Men will wander through 100 Internet sites in search of the ___l0___ digital camcorder.

　　Women see shopping as a social event. Men see it as a mission or a___11___to be won. "Men are frequently shopping to win，" says Mary Ann McGrath， a marketing professor at Loyola University of Chicago. "They want to get the best deal. They want to get the best one， The last one and if they do that it__12__them happy."

　　When women shop， "theyre doing it in a way where they want__l3__ to be very happy，" says McGrath. "Theyre kind of2shopping for love."

　　In fact， it is in clothing where we see a male-female__14__most clearly. Why， grumble some men， are all male clothes navy， grey， black or brown？ But would they wear 1ight green and pink？

　　These days， many guys wear a sort of "uniform"， says Paco Underhill， author of "Why We Bye"， "Its been hard for them to understand what it means to be fashion. Conscious in a business way. It becomes much， much easier if you__15__your range of choices."

　　词汇：

　　guy n. 家伙，伙计

　　wander n. 漫游，闲游

　　mission n. 任务，使命

　　grumble n. 抱怨，发牢骚

　　ethnicity n. 种族特点

　　camcorder n. 摄像放像机

　　deal n. 交易

　　练习：

　　1. A）playing B）fishing C）shopping D）traveling

　　2. A）get out B）stay in C）look round D）move about

　　3.A）confirming. B）challenging C）proving D）supporting

　　4. A）Regardless of B）Because of C）Owing to D）Thanks to

　　5. A）want B）like C）hate D）hope

　　6. A）coats B）pants C）socks D）books

　　7. A）relaxation B）rest C）exercise D）， research

　　8. A）similar B）inclusive C）contradictory D）different

　　9. A）wander B）go C）walk D）run

　　10.A）cheap B）fashionable C）presentable D）perfect

　　11. A）task B）play C）game D）destination

　　12. A）brings B）causes C）makes D）keeps

　　13. A）everybody B）nobody C）anybody D）no one

　　14. A）competition B）comparison C）division D）confrontation

　　15. A）broaden B）expand C）extend D）narrow

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